Creates a new table.

Syntax

CREATE [REFERENCE | TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [[AS] SELECT ...]

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    { LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }

create_definition:
    col_name { column_definition | AS computed_column_definition }
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | { INDEX | KEY } [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY]
      [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] SHARD KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...

column_definition:
    data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value] [ON UPDATE update_value]
      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]

computed_column_definition:
    computed_column_expression PERSISTED data_type

data_type:
    BIT[(length)]
  | TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED]
  | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED]
  | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED]
  | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED]
  | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED]
  | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED]
  | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED]
  | DECIMAL[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED]
  | NUMERIC[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED]
  | TIMESTAMP
  | TIMESTAMP(6)
  | DATETIME
  | DATETIME(6)
  | DATE
  | TIME
  | CHAR[(length)]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | VARCHAR(length)
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | TINYBLOB
  | BLOB
  | MEDIUMBLOB
  | LONGBLOB
  | TINYTEXT [BINARY]
  | TEXT [BINARY]
  | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]
  | LONGTEXT [BINARY]
  | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)
  | SET(value1,value2,value3,...)
  | JSON [COLLATE collation_name]
  | GEOGRAPHY
  | GEOGRAPHYPOINT

index_col_name:
    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

index_type:
    USING { BTREE | HASH | CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE }

index_option:
    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
  | index_type
  | COMMENT 'string'
  | BUCKET_COUNT [=] value
  | WITH (index_kv_options)
  | UNENFORCED [RELY | NORELY]

index_kv_options:
    index_kv_option [, index_kv_option] ...

index_kv_option:
    RESOLUTION = value
  | COLUMNSTORE_SEGMENT_ROWS = value
  | COLUMNSTORE_FLUSH_BYTES = value

table_options:
    table_option [[,] table_option] ...

table_option:
    AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value
  | COMMENT [=] 'string'
  | AUTOSTATS_ENABLED = { TRUE | FALSE }
  | FULLTEXT [index_name] (index_col_name,...)

Remarks

• For more information about the data types listed above, and for an explanation of UNSIGNED, refer to the Data Types topic.
• The first field of type TIMESTAMP or TIMESTAMP(6) has special behavior for insert and update operations, defaulting to the current timestamp value. Refer to the discussion of these types in the Data Types topic for more information.
• The SET data type restricts the values that can be inserted for a table column. Only the set of strings that are listed for a column at the time of table creation can be inserted.
• tbl_name is the name of the table to create in the MemSQL database.
• CREATE TABLE is slower in MemSQL than in MySQL. See Code Generation for more information.
• The BTREE index type creates a skip list index in MemSQL. This index has very similar characteristics to a BTREE index.
• BUCKET_COUNT is specific to the HASH index type. It controls the bucket count of the hash table.
• The UNENFORCED index option can be used on a UNIQUE constraint to specify that the unique constraint is unenforced. See Unenforced Unique Constraints.
• RESOLUTION is specific to index on geospatial columns. See Geospatial Guide for more information.
• COLUMNSTORE_SEGMENT_ROWS, COLUMNSTORE_FLUSH_BYTES controls configuration variables specific to columnstore tables. See Advanced Columnstore Configuration Options for more information.
• The only charset_name supported by MemSQL is ‘utf8’.
• AUTOSTATS_ENABLED controls if automatic statistics should be collected on this table. See Automatic Statistics for more information.
• This command must be run on the master aggregator node (see Node Requirements for MemSQL Commands), with the exception of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE, which can be run on any aggregator node.
• computed_column_expression defines the value of a computed column using other columns in the table, constants, built-in functions, operators, and combinations thereof. For more information see Persistent Computed Columns
• Temporary tables, created with the TEMPORARY option, will be deleted when the client session terminates. For ODBC/JDBC, this is when the connection closes. For interactive client sessions, it is when the user terminates the client program.
• Keyless sharding distributes data across partitions uniformly at random but with the limitation that it does not allow single partition queries or local joins since rows are not assigned to specific partitions. Keyless sharding is the default for tables that do not have primary key or explicit shard key. You can explicitly declare a table as keyless sharded by specifying a shard key with an empty list of columns in the SHARD KEY() constraint in the table definition.

MySQL Compatibility

MemSQL’s syntax differs from MySQL mainly in the datatypes and storage it supports, and some specific index hints.

• KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value : value is currently ignored.

ON UPDATE Behavior

If ON UPDATE update_value is specified in column_definition, and if any other column is updated but the specified column is not explicitly updated, then update_value will be placed in the column during an UPDATE operation. The update_value may be either CURRENT_TIMESTAMP or NOW().

AUTO_INCREMENT Behavior

AUTO_INCREMENT can be used to automatically generate a unique value for new rows. When you insert a new row, and the AUTO_INCREMENT field is DEFAULT, NULL, or 0, MemSQL will automatically assign a value. It’s important to understand that AUTO_INCREMENT only guarantees that automatically-generated values are unique. In general, it does not guarantee that they are consecutive or sequential, that they are monotonically increasing, that they start from any particular value, or that they are distinct from explicitly-set values. If you explicitly set a value in an INSERT or UPDATE statement, it may collide with past or future automatically-generated values.

A table can have only one AUTO_INCREMENT column. The AUTO_INCREMENT column must be included in an index (not necessarily a PRIMARY or UNIQUE key, a regular key is also allowed).

See LAST_INSERT_ID for more information on AUTO_INCREMENT behavior.

AUTO_INCREMENT in Sharded Tables

On a sharded (distributed) table, AUTO_INCREMENT can only be used on a BIGINT column (as they usually use the entire 64 bits). Each aggregator computes and tracks its own AUTO_INCREMENT values and uses those values when new rows are added to a table. AUTO_INCREMENT values in sharded tables are assigned using the high 14 bits to encode the aggregator ID and the bottom 50 bits for a per-aggregator unique value. The values on each aggregator are usually, but not always, sequential; therefore, inserts on an individual aggregator generate values which are unique and usually sequential. And because each aggregator manages its own AUTO_INCREMENT values, the automatically-generated values from inserts across multiple aggregators are only unique, never sequential.

Here is an example to illustrate how AUTO_INCREMENT values are generated across aggregators in a cluster as new rows are inserted into table tb.:

SELECT * FROM tb ORDER BY b;
****
+-------------------+------+------------+
| a             	| b	   | c      	|
+-------------------+------+------------+
|             	  1 |	 1 | from MA	|
|                 2 |	 2 | from MA	|
|             	  3 |	 3 | from MA	|
|              	  4 |	 4 | from MA	|
|             	  5 |	 5 | from MA	|
| 13510798882111489 |	 6 | from CA 96 |
| 13510798882111490 |	 7 | from CA 96 |
| 13510798882111491 |	 8 | from CA 96 |
| 13510798882111492 |	 9 | from CA 96 |
| 13510798882111493 |   10 | from CA 96 |
| 14636698788954113 |   11 | from CA 20 |
| 14636698788954114 |   12 | from CA 20 |
| 14636698788954115 |   13 | from CA 20 |
| 14636698788954116 |   14 | from CA 20 |
| 14636698788954117 |   15 | from CA 20 |
|                 6 |   16 | from MA	|
| 15762598695796737 |   17 | from CA 17 |
| 13510798882111494 |   18 | from CA 96 |
|             	  7 |   19 | from MA	|
| 14636698788954118 |   20 | from CA 20 |
+-------------------+------+------------+

As shown in the example above, automatically-generated AUTO_INCREMENT values can differ depending on which aggregator you run the inserts on. Of course, if you ran some inserts on one aggregator and some inserts on another aggregator, you would get different automatically generated values. Also note that automatically-generated values and explicitly-set values can collide in sharded tables.

AUTO_INCREMENT in Reference Tables

The AUTO_INCREMENT value for a reference table is tracked by the master aggregator. It is guaranteed that the next AUTO_INCREMENT value will always be greater than any value previously seen in this column. These generated values are usually sequential, but not always. Contrarily to the behavior for sharded tables, explicitly setting a value in an INSERT or UPDATE statement will not create a collision with future automatically generated values.

The next example shows some queries using AUTO_INCREMENT fields on reference tables.

CREATE REFERENCE TABLE t(id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY);
INSERT INTO t values();
INSERT INTO t values(5);
INSERT INTO t values();
SELECT id FROM t ORDER BY id;
****
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  1 |
|  5 |
|  6 |
+----+

UPDATE t SET id=9 WHERE id=5;
INSERT INTO t values();
SELECT id FROM t ORDER BY id;
****
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  1 |
|  6 |
|  9 |
| 10 |
+----+

DELETE FROM t;
INSERT INTO t values();
SELECT id FROM t ORDER BY id;
****
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 11 |
+----+

Setting AUTO_INCREMENT Starting Values

It is possible to override the starting AUTO_INCREMENT value for reference tables by setting the AUTO_INCREMENT option on a CREATE TABLE statement.

The following example shows how to set the AUTO_INCREMENT start value during table creation:

CREATE REFERENCE TABLE t (id int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY) AUTO_INCREMENT = 7;

INSERT INTO t VALUES (), ();

SELECT * FROM t;
****
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  7 |
|  8 |
+----+

This syntax has no effect on sharded tables. It will not return an error, for compatibility with external tools, but it will explicitly present a warning and no operation will be done.

AUTO_INCREMENT During Replication

When replicating data between clusters, the secondary cluster has all the replicated AUTO_INCREMENT values from the primary cluster. When you failover to a secondary cluster, MemSQL synchronizes the secondary cluster by looking for the maximum value in the range of AUTO_INCREMENT values on every aggregator.

Examples

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS my_MemSQL_table(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, v VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL);

CREATE REFERENCE TABLE pages(
page_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
page_url VARCHAR(1000)
);

CREATE TABLE … SELECT

CREATE TABLE ... SELECT (often referred to as CREATE TABLE AS SELECT) can create one table from results of a SELECT query.

The table will include a column for each column of the SELECT query. You can define indexes, additional columns, and other parts of the table definition in the create_definition. Persisted computed columns can also be specified this way. Some examples:

CREATE TABLE t2 (PRIMARY KEY (a, b)) AS SELECT * FROM t1;
CREATE TABLE t2 (KEY (a, b) USING CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE) AS SELECT * FROM t1;
CREATE TABLE t2 (a int, b int) AS SELECT c, d FROM t1;
CREATE TABLE t2 (b AS a+1 PERSISTED int) AS SELECT a FROM t1;

Example 1

Extract time column from an event table to build a times table.

CREATE TABLE events(type VARCHAR(256),time TIMESTAMP);

INSERT INTO events VALUES('WRITE', NOW());

CREATE TABLE times(id INT AUTO_INCREMENT KEY)
SELECT time FROM events;

SELECT * FROM times;
****
+----+---------------------+
| id | time                |
+----+---------------------+
|  1 | 2016-03-25 15:38:12 |
+----+---------------------+

Example 2

SELECT * FROM courses ORDER BY course_code, section_number;
****
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+
| course_code | section_number | number_students |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+
| CS-101      |              1 |              20 |
| CS-101      |              2 |              16 |
| CS-101      |              3 |              22 |
| CS-101      |              4 |              25 |
| CS-101      |              5 |              22 |
| CS-150      |              1 |              10 |
| CS-150      |              2 |              16 |
| CS-150      |              3 |              11 |
| CS-150      |              4 |              17 |
| CS-150      |              5 |               9 |
| CS-201      |              1 |              14 |
| CS-201      |              2 |              17 |
| CS-301      |              1 |               7 |
| CS-301      |              2 |              10 |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS distinct_courses (PRIMARY KEY(course_code))
	AS SELECT DISTINCT(course_code) FROM courses;
SELECT * FROM distinct_courses ORDER by course_code;
****
+-------------+
| course_code |
+-------------+
| CS-101      |
| CS-150      |
| CS-201      |
| CS-301      |
+-------------+

FULLTEXT behavior

MemSQL supports full text search across text columns in a columnstore table using the FULLTEXT index type. A full text index can only be added during CREATE TABLE and only on the text types CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, and LONGTEXT. Column data size is limited by the text type used. Size limitations for supported data types are documented in Data Types.

If you query a column c that is part of a multi-column FULLTEXT index, where the query uses a FULLTEXT MATCH on c, the index on c will be applied.

This differs from a multi-column non-FULLTEXT index, where behavior is as follows: if you query column c that is part of index i, where the query uses an equality filter on c, the index on c will only be applied if c is the leftmost column in i.

Any column that is part of a FULLTEXT index can be queried, even if it is not the leftmost. Searches across FULLTEXT columns are done using the SELECT ... MATCH AGAINST syntax. For more information, see MATCH.

Errors

These are the possible errors you may encounter when using FULLTEXT.

Examples

This example creates a FULLTEXT index for both the title column and the body column. Either column could be queried separately using MATCH <column>, and the index on the column would be applied.

CREATE TABLE articles (
    id INT UNSIGNED,
    year int UNSIGNED,
    title VARCHAR(200),
    body TEXT,
    KEY (id) USING CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE,
    FULLTEXT (title,body));

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